1. Latin Prefixes
The prefixes listed below are from Latin prepositions. They are attached to nouns, adjectives and especially to verbs. When taking apart compound verbs and defining them, it is best to translate the prefix as adverbial rather than prepositional. For example, abduct divides into ab (away) and duct (lead) and so means ‘lead away’ and not ‘away from leading’. Some of these prefixes have different forms depending on the initial letter of the root word. This makes the derived word more pronounceable and is known as assimilation. A prime example is the prefix SUB- which also has SUC-,SUF-,SUG-,SUM-, SUP-, SUR-, and SUS- as different forms.
Prefix
|
Meaning
|
Examples
|
| A- | not, without | amoral, APATHY, ANOMALY |
| AB-, ABS- | away from, off, apart | abrupt, ABSCOND, ABSTRACT |
| AD-, AC-, AN-, AS- | toward, against | advent, accurate, ANNOTATE, assent |
| AMBI-, AMB- | around, about, on both sides | AMBIGUOUS, AMBIVALENT |
| ANTE- | before, in front of, early | antecede, antedate, antebellum |
| ARCH | main, chief | archangel, archbishop, archenemy |
| BI- | two | bifurcate, biannually |
| BENE- | well | BENEFACTOR, benefit, beneficial |
| CIRCUM-, CIRA- | around, about | circumflex, circumference, circa |
| CIS- | on this side of | cislunar, cisalpine |
| CON- | with, together | concur, concede, CONSCRIPT |
| COM-, COR-, COL- | together, with, very | COMPRISE, corrode, colleteral |
| CONTRA- | against | contradict, controversy, contravene |
| COUNTER- | against | counterfeit, counterclockwise |
| DE- | down, down from, off, utterly | deformed, defoliate, descend, depress |
| DEMI- | half, partly belongs to | demisemiquaver, demigod |
| DIS-, DI-, DIF- | apart, in different directions | DIGRESS, divorce, dispute, DISCERN |
| DU-, DUO- | two | duet, duplicate |
| EM- EN- | in, into | embrace, enclose |
| EX-, E-, EF-, EC- | out, out of, from, away | EXTOL, event, expel, evade, ELUCIDATE |
| EXTRA-,EXTRO- | outside of, beyond | extraordinary, extrovert, EXTRAPOLATE |
| FORE | before | forestall, forgo, forebear |
| IN-, I-, IL-, IM-, IR- | in, into, on, toward, put into, | incision, impel, impulse, irrigate, |
| not, lacking, without | illegal, ignominious, impure, immoral, | |
| (same as above) | immodest, indecent, INCOHERENT | |
| INDU-, INDI- | a strengthened form of IN- | indigent |
| INFRA- | below, beneath, inferior to, after | infrared, infrasonic |
| INTER-, INTEL- | among, between, at intervals | intercede, intercept, intellect |
| INTRA- | in, within, inside of | intramural, intravenous |
| INTRO- | in, into, within | introduce, introspective |
| JUXTA | near, beside | juxtapose, juxtaposition |
| MAL-, MALE- | evil, badly | malformed, malicious, malaise, maladroit |
| MEDI-, MEDIO- | middle | median, mediocre |
| MILLI-, MILLE- | thousand | millennium, millimeter |
| MONO- | one | MONARCH, MONOTONE |
| MULTI-, MULTUS- | much, many | multifaceted, multiply, multilevel |
| NE- | not | neuter, NEUTRAL |
| NON- | not (less emphatic than IN or UN) | nonresident, nonconformity |
| NUL-, NULL- | none, not any | nullify, nullification |
| OB-, OF-, OC-, | toward, against, across, down, for | oblong, OBDURATE, offer, occasion, occur |
| OP-, O- | toward, against, across, down, for | oppose, opposite, omit, offer |
| OMNI- | all, everywhere | omniscient, omnivorous |
| PED-, PEDI- | foot | pedestrian, pedicure |
| PER-, PEL- | through, by, thoroughly, away | PERMEATE, perfidy, pellucid |
| POST- | behind, after (in time or place) | postpone, postnatal, postorbital |
| PRE- | before, early, toward | precedent, precept, preposition |
| PRO-, PUR- | before, for, forth | proceed, purport, pursue, PROLONG |
| QUADRI-, QUADR- | four times, four fold | quadriceps, quadrisect, quadrangle |
| RE-, RED- | back, again, against, behind | repel, RELEGATE, redeem, redemption |
| RETRO- | backwards, behind | retrogressive, retrofit, retrograde |
| SE-, SED- | aside, apart, away from | secure, seduce, seclude, sedition, select |
| SEMI- | half | semicircle, semiprivate |
| SINE | without | sinecure |
| SUB-, SUC-, SUF- | under, beneath, inferior, | suffer, SUBMISSIVE, succumb, |
| SUG-, SUM-, SUP- | less than, in place of, secretly | suggest, subtract, suffuse, support |
| SUR-, SUS- | (same as above meanings) | suspend, surplus |
| SUBTER- | beneath, secretly | subterfuge |
| SUPER-, SUPRA- | over, above, excessively | SUPERFICIAL, SUPERCILIOUS |
| SUR- | over, above, excessively | surcharge, surtax, surplus, surrealism |
| TRANS-, TRA- | across, over, beyond, through | transoceanic, transgression, transit, transition |
| TRI- | three | triangle, triceps |
| ULTRA- | beyond, on other side | ultrasound, ultraconservative |
| UN- (Old English) | no, not, without | unabashed, unashamed |
2. Latin Suffixes
You will also find a few Old English suffixes here since they are used quite freely with Latin and Greek root words.
Suffix
|
Meaning
|
Examples
|
| -ABLE, -ABLY | able to, capable of being. | unalienable, insuperable |
| -ACY | state or quality of being | intricacy, democracy |
| -AGE | belonging to, related to | marriage, acreage, postage |
| -AL | pertaining to, act of | infinitesimal, EPHEMERAL |
| -ANA | sayings, writtings, facts of | Americana |
| -AN, -ANT, -ENT | one who is | charlatan, blatant, strident |
| -ANCE | act of, state of being, thing that | ABEYANCE |
| -ARY | belonging to, a relation to. | hereditary, subsidiary |
| -ATE | having | alienate, incarnate, insensate |
| -ATION, -ITION | the act of, result of | alteration, compilation, nutrition |
| -AR | relating to, like; the nature of | singular, polar, vicar, scholar |
| -BULUM, -BLE | means, instrument, place | fable, stable |
| -CIDE, -CIDAL | killer; having power to kill | insecticide, suicidal |
| -CRAT, -CRACY | to govern | bureaucracy, plutocracy |
| -CULUM, -CLE | means, instrument, place | curriculum, fulcrum |
| -EN | to become, or cause to be | darken, weaken |
| -ENCE | act, fact, quality, state | conference, excellence, despondence |
| -ENCY | state of being | clemency, dependency |
| -ER, -OR | one who | interlocutor, volunteer |
| -ENT | has, shows, or does | circumvent, INADVERTENT |
| -ERY, -RY | a place to/for; occupation of | tannery, vinery, dentistry, jewelry |
| -ESCE | becoming | obsolescent, COALESCE |
| -FY | to make, cause to be, or become | CLARIFY, horrify |
| -HOOD | state, quality; group of | childhood, priesthood |
| -IAN | belonging to, a relation to | vulgarian, plebian |
| -IER | a person concerned with | soldier |
| -IBLE | able to be. | susceptible, flexible |
| -IC | pertaining to | ASCETIC, PROSAIC, ENDEMIC |
| -ICE | state or quality of being | avarice |
| -IL, -ILE | having to do with | docil, missile, civil, fossil |
| -ION | the act or result of, one who | legion, opinion |
| -IUM, -Y, -CE, -GE | the act of | colloquium, colloquy, refuge |
| -CIUM, -TIUM, -GIUM | something connected with the act | consortium, compendium |
| -ISH | of, or belonging to; like | devilish, boyish, foolish, bookish |
| -IST | a person who does, makes, practices | ALTRUIST, artist |
| -ITIOUS | having the nature of. | nutritious, seditious |
| -ITUDE, (-TUDE) | state of being. | verisimilitude, aptitude |
| -ITY | state, character, condition | ANIMOSITY, stability |
| -IVE | one who, that which is | pensive, ELUSIVE, deductive |
| -LESS | (OE) without, lacking. | relentless, tireless |
| -LIKE | characteristic of; suitable for | manlike, childlike, godlike |
| -LY | specified manner, extent, direction | harshly, hourly |
| -MEN | result, or means | acumen, specimen |
| -MENTUM, -MENT | result, or means of an act | armament, impediment, moment |
| -NESS | state, quality of being | greatness. sadness |
| -OON | one who | buffoon |
| -OR | act, or condition of | error, terror, PRECURSOR |
| -ORY | relating to, thing which, place where | AMBULATORY, laboratory |
| -OSE, -OUS | having, full of, characterized by | IMPERVIOUS, unctuous, perilous |
| -SHIP | quality, condition, state of | fellowship, friendship |
| -SOME | like, tending to be | tiresome, lonesome |
| -TION | state of that which | convocation, commotion |
| -TUDE | state of being | verisimilitude, aptitude |
| -ULUS, -ULOUS | tending to | CREDULOUS, pendulous |
| -URE | state or act of | CENSURE, tenure |
| -UUS, -UOUS | tending to | INNOCUOUS |
| -VOROUS, -VORE | eating, feeding on | omnivorous, herbivore |
| -WISE | direction, manner, in regard to | clockwise |
| -Y | state of being. | nullity, APATHY |
3. Latin number forms
Suffix
|
Meaning
|
Examples
|
| UNI- | one | UNIFORM, unicorn, unilateral |
| PRIM-, PRIMO- | first | primary, primitive, primogenitor |
| DU- | two | duet, dual |
| BI-, BIN- | two, twice | bicycle, binoculars |
| SECOND- | second | secondary |
| TRI- | three | triangle, tricycle, trinity |
| TERTI- | third | tertiary |
| QUADR(U)- | four | quadrangle, quadruple |
| QUART- | fourth | quarter |
| QUINQUE-, QUINT- | five, fifth | quintet, quintessence |
| SEX-, SEXT- | six, sixth | sextet, sextant |
| SEPT(EM)- | seven | septet, September |
| OCT- | eight | octet, October |
| OCTAV- | eighth | octave, octagon |
| NOVEM- | nine | November |
| NON- | ninth | nonagon |
| DECEM- | ten | December |
| DECIM- | tenth | decimal, DECIMATE |
| CENT- | hundre | century, centennial |
| MILL- | thousand | millimeter, millennium |
| SESQUI- | one and a half times | sesquicentennial |
| SEMI- | half, partly | semiannual |
4. Latin Base Words
Latin word
|
Meaning
|
Examples
|
| abstinere | to hold back | abstain, ABSTINENCE |
| accollare | to embrace | ACCOLADE |
| acerbus, AC, ACR | sharp, bitter, sour | acerbic, acrid, acumen, acrimony |
| actuare | to do, to move | ACTUATE |
| actus, ACT | drive, lead, to do, to act | active, activate, activism, react |
| acurer | to sharpen | ACUTE, acumen, acuity |
| adbaetere | witness, judge | ARBITER |
| adjacere | to lie near | adjacent |
| aemulus | trying to equal, excel | EMULATE |
| aequus | equal | EQUIVALENT |
| affecere, AFFE | a state of feeling, to feign | AFFECTATION, AFFECTED |
| ager, agri, agro, AGR | field | agronomy |
| agere, AG | drive, lead, to do, to act | agility, agitate, AGENDA |
| alacer | eager, quick, brisk | ALACRITY |
| albus | white | albino, albedo, albescent |
| alere, altum,AL, ALT | grow, nourish | altrical |
| alius | other, else | alias, ALIENATE |
| alienus, ALIEN | of another, other | alien, alienation, unalienable |
| alludere | to joke, jest | allude, ALLUSION |
| alter, ALTER | other, another | alternative, altercation, ADULTERATE |
| alter | other of two | ALTERNATIVE |
| altus | high, deep | alto, altimeter, exaltation |
| amare, AM, AMAT | to love, friend | AMIABLE, enamored, amorous |
| ambulare, AMB | to walk, to go | amble, preamble, AMBULATORY |
| amicus | friend | AMITY |
| amplus | large, spacious | ample |
| anecdota | unpublished | ANCEDOTE |
| angere, anxius | to give pain | ANXIOUS, ANXIETY |
| angulus | a corner | angle, ANGULAR |
| anima | breath, spirit, soul | ANIMOSITY, inanimate, unanimous |
| animus, ANIM | reason, mind, soul, life | ANIMATE, magnanimous |
| annus, ANNU, ENNI | year | annual, biennial, centennial, PERENNIAL |
| anomalia | inequality | ANOMALY |
| antiquus | old, ancient | antiquity, antique, ANTIQUATED |
| apertum, APERT | open, uncovered | aperture |
| apparere | to come forth | apparent, appearance, APPARITION |
| appellare, APPELL | address, entreat, call | appellation |
| apprehendere | to take hold of | apprehend, APPREHENSIVE |
| apprenare | to teach | APPRISE |
| aptare, aptus, APT, EPT | to fit, suitable | aptitude, adapt, INEPT |
| aqua | water | aqueous, aqueduct, aquifer, aquarium |
| arabilis | to plow | ARABLE |
| arbit | judge | ARBITRATION, arbitrary |
| arbor | tree | arboretum, arboreal |
| archein, ARCH | to rule | MONARCH |
| ardere ARD | be on fire, to burn | ardor, ARDUOUS |
| arere | to be dry | ARID |
| arguere | make clear | argument |
| arma | implements, weapons | arm, armament, ARMADA |
| arrogare | full of pride | ARROGANT, ARROGANCE |
| arsum, ARS | be on fire | arson |
| ars, artis, ART | skill, craft, method | art, artisan, artist |
| articulare | jointed; utter distinctly | ARTICULATE, inarticulate |
| artificium | art-craft + facere-to make | artifact, artifice, artificial |
| ascendere | to scale, climb | ascend, ASCENDANCY |
| aspergere | to sprinkle on | asperse, ASPERSION |
| assidere | to sit beside, assist | assess, assist |
| assiduitas | constant presence | assiduity, ASSIDUOUS |
| astus | crafty, cunning | ASTUTE |
| auctor | author, enlarger | AUTHORITY, authorize |
| audere, AUD | to dare, be bold | AUDACIOUS, AUDACITY |
| augere, augtum | to increase | augmentation, augur, august |
| audire, AUD | to hear | audible, audio |
| auditum, AUDIT | to hear | audition |
| augere, AUG, AUX | to increase | AUGMENT, auxiliary |
| auctum, AUCT | increase | auction |
| auris | ear | auricle, auriform |
| auspicium | good omen, approval | auspice, AUSPICIOUS |
| authentious | real, genuine | AUTHENTIC |
| avarus | greedy | AVARICE, avaricious |
| avertere | to turn away | avert |
| avis | bird | avian, aviary, aviation, avionics |
| beatus | happy, blessed | beatific, beatitude |
| bella, bellus | beautiful | EMBELLISH |
| bellum, BEL, BELL | to wage war | bellicose, rebellious, BELLIGERENT |
| bene, BEN | well, good | benevolence, BENEFICENT, BENIGN |
| bibere | to drink | bibulous, IMBIBE |
| blaterare | to babble, to roar | BLATANT |
| bonus, BON | good | bonanza, bonny, bon voyage, bonus |
| melior | better | AMELIORATE |
| optimus | best | optimum |
| brachium | an arm | EMBRACE |
| brevis, BRI, BREV | brief, short | BREVITY, abbreviate, abridge |
| burla | a jest | BURLESQUE |
| cadere, CAD | to fall, happen by chance | DECADENT, cadaver, cascade |
| cidere, CID | to fall, happen by chance | coincidence, RECIDIVISM |
| casum, CAS | to fall, happen by chance | cascade |
| caedere, cide | to cut, kill | incision, pesticide |
| calere, CAL | be warm, glow | caloric, calorie |
| callum | hard skin | callus |
| calx, CALC | pebble, to reckon | calculate, calculus |
| candere, CAND | glow, pure, sincere | incandescence, candor, CANDID |
| canere, CANT, CHANT | to sing | RECANT, chant, enchant |
| canis | dog | canine |
| capere, CAP, CAPT | to take, to seize | captive, capture, intercept, CAPTIOUS |
| capra | a she goat (impulsive) | CAPRICIOUS, caprice |
| capere, CIP, CEPT | to take, to seize | INCIPIENT, precept, susceptible |
| caput, CAP, CAPIT | head, headlong | cape, chapter, capital, principle |
| cardo, CARDIN | hinge | cardinal |
| caro, CARN | flesh | carnal, incarnate, carnivore |
| castigare | to purify, chastise | CASTIGATE |
| cauda | a tail | CODA |
| causa | cause, reason | causal, causation |
| cavare, cavus | to make hollow | CAVERNOUS, cavity, excavate |
| cedere, CED, CEED | to go, to yield | recede, precede, exceed, PREDECESSOR |
| cessum, CESS | to go, to yield | concession, access, recess |
| celeber, CELEBR | honored | celebrant, celebrity, celebrate |
| cella | storeroom | cell, cellar |
| censere, CENS | assess, rate, estimate | census, CENSURE |
| centrum, CENTR | center | concentric, concentrate, ECCENTRIC |
| centum, centi | hundred, tenth, ten | percent, centimeter, century |
| cernere, CERN, CERT | distinguish, separate, decide | discern, certitude, DISCERNMENT |
| cerebrum | brain | cerebral, cerebrate, cerebellum |
| cerratanus | seller of Papal indulgences | CHARLATAN |
| cessare | to cease | INCESSANT |
| ciere, citum, CI | move, stir, rouse, call | cite, citation |
| citum, CIT | move, stir, rouse, call | excite, incite, SOLICIT, solicitous |
| civis | citizen, community | civic, civility, civilian |
| clamere, CLAIM | to shout, claim, cry out | CLARIFY, ACCLAIM, RECLAIM |
| clamatum, CLAM | to shout, claim, cry out | CLAMOR, PROCLAIM, declaration |
| clarus | bright, clear, famous | clarion, clarity |
| clausum, CLU | to close, shut | recluse, exclude, include, conclusion, PRECLUDE |
| clavis | key | clavicle, clavier, ENCLAVE |
| clemens | mild, merciful | CLEMENCY |
| clinatum, CLI, CLIN | lean, slope | incline, inclination, CLINOMETER |
| coagulare | to curdle | COAGULATE |
| codex, CODIC | book, tree trun | code, codicil |
| coercere | to surrond, restrain | COERCE |
| cogitare, COG | to think | COGENT, cogitative |
| cogitatum, COGITAT | to think | COGITATE |
| cognoscere, cognitum | to know | INCOGNITO, cognition, ignorant COGNIZANT |
| cohaerere | co-together + haerere-stick | cohere, coherence, INCOHERENT |
| colare | to strain, filter | percolate, colander |
| color | to hide, conceal | coloration, COLOR |
| commodus | suitable | COMMODITY |
| complacere | to be pleased | complacency, COMPLAISANT |
| complere | to fill up | complete, comply, COMPLIANT |
| computare | to compute | count, DISCOUNT |
| comsentire (com + sentire) | to feel with | consent, CONSENSUS |
| concidere | to cut off | CONCISE |
| conciliare | bring together, win over | conciliate, CONCILIATORY, RECONCILE |
| conterere, contritio | ground to pieces, grief | CONTRITE, contrition |
| condensus | dense, compact | CONDENSE |
| condere | to put together, hide | RECONDITE |
| condescendere | to let oneself down | CONDESCEND |
| congruere | come together | CONGRUENT, INCONGRUOUS |
| contemnere | con-with + temnere-scorn | CONTEMPT |
| contendere | stretch out, strive after | CONTENTIOUS, contend, contention |
| copia | abundance | COPIOUS |
| cor, CORD, COUR | heart | courage, cordial, accord |
| corium | skin, hide | excoriate |
| cornu copia | (cornu) horn (copia) plenty | CORNUCOPIA |
| corona | crown | corona, coronary, coronation |
| corpus, CORPOR | body | corporeal, corporation |
| corroborare | to strengthen | CORROBORATE |
| corrumpere | destroy, spoil, bribe | CORRUPT |
| creare, CREA | create, grow | create, creative |
| crescere, CRESC | grow, increase | CRESCENDO, accretion |
| cretum, CRE, CRET | grow, increase | increase, increment |
| credere, CRED | to believe, to trust | credentials, incredible, credence |
| creditum, CREDIT | to believe, to trust | credit |
| cretum, CRET, CRIM | distinguish, separate, decide | secret, DISCRIMINATE, recrimination |
| crimen, CRIMIN | accusation, charge | incriminate, criminology |
| cruce | pot, jug | crucible |
| culminare | peak, summit | CULMINATE |
| culpa, CULP | fault, blame, guilt | culprit, CULPABLE, exculpate |
| cultus, CULT | to till, care | CULTIVATE, culture, cult |
| cumbere, CUB, CUMB | to lie down | incubate, recumbent, SUCCUMB |
| cura, CUR, CURAT | to care for | sinecure, secure |
| currere, CURR | to run | recur, current |
| cursum, CURS | to run | CURSORY, cursive |
| crux, CRUC | cross, to torture | crucial, crucify, excruciating, crusade |
| debere, DEB | to owe | debt, debtor |
| debitum, DEBIT | to owe | debit |
| debilitare | to weaken | DEBILITATE |
| decorus | fit; proper | DECORUM, DECOROUS, indecorous |
| deffere | to bring down, yield | defer, DEFFERENCE |
| delectar | to charm | delectable, DILETTANTE |
| deliberare | to consider, weigh well | DELIBERATE |
| delirare | (to plow crooked) to rave | DELIRIUM, DELIRIOUS |
| deminuere | to lessen from | DEMINISH, diminutive |
| dens, dentis | tooth | denture, dentifrice, endodontia |
| denuntiare | to announce, denounce | denunciation, DENOUNCE |
| depravare | to make crooked | deprave, DEPRAVITY |
| desiccare | to dry up completely | DESICCATE |
| determinare | to set bounds from | DETERMINED |
| deus, dei | god, godly | deify, deity, deism |
| devotus | to show reverence | devout, DEVOTION |
| dexter | right, right hand | dexterous, AMBIDEXTROUS |
| dicere, DIC | to say, to spea | indict, abdicate, PREDICAMENT |
| dictum, DICT | to say, to speak | dictate, verdict, edict, indict |
| dies, | day | diurnal |
| difficilis | hard to do | difficult |
| diffidere | to distrust | diffidence, DIFFIDENT |
| dignari | to consider, worthy | deign, DISDAIN, INDIGNANT |
| dignus, DIGN | worthy | dignify, dignitary, INDIGNANT |
| dilatare | dis-apart + latus-wide | dilate, dilation |
| discordia | dis-apart + cor-heart | DISCORD, discordant |
| discurrere (dis + currere) | to run to and fro | DISCOURSE |
| distare | to stand apart | DISTANT |
| distinguere | to separate | DISTINGUISHED |
| docere, DOC | teach | doctrine, document |
| doctum, DOCT | teach | doctor |
| dolere, DOL | be in pain, grieve | doleful, dolorous. INDOLENT |
| domitare | to tame | INDOMITABLE |
| dominus, dominium | a lord, right of ownership | domain, dominate, domineer |
| domus | house, home | domesticity, DOMESTICATE, domicile |
| donare, DON, DOT | give, forgive | CONDONE, donation, donor |
| dormire, dorm | to sleep | dormitory |
| dotare | to endow | ENDOW, ENDOWMENT |
| dubius, DUB | doubt | DUBIOUS, indubitable |
| ducere, DUC | to lead | seduce, induce, subduce, SUBDUE |
| ductum, DUCT | to lead | conduct, ductile |
| durare, durus, DUR | to harden, hard | duress, OBDURATE, DURABLE, ENDURANCE |
| ebullire | to boil up | EBULLIENT |
| effectu s | bring to pass, accomplish | effective, EFFECTUAL |
| effluere | to flow out | EFFLUENCE, EFFLUVIUM |
| elicere | to draw out | ELICIT |
| emendare | to correct | EMEND, AMEND |
| emoliri | accomplish | emolument |
| enhaucere | to raise high | ENHANCE |
| equis, EQU, IQU | equal, even | equidistant, INIQUITY, equivalent |
| errare, ERR | wander, go astray | errant, error, err, ERRONEOUS |
| erraticus, ERRAT | wander, go astray | ERRATIC, ABERRATION |
| erudire | to instruct | ERUDITE |
| essentia | to be | ESSENCE, ESSENTIAL |
| ethicus | character, custom | ETHICAL |
| evitare | to shun, avoid | evitable, INEVITABLE |
| exemplum | a pattern, example | EXEMPLARY, EXEMPLIFY |
| exhaustus | to draw out, exhaust | EXHAUSTIVE |
| exhortari | ex-out + hortari-to urge | EXHORT, exortation |
| exigere, exigens | to drive out | exigency, EXIGENT |
| exoticus | foreign, strange | EXOTIC, exotica |
| exorbitare | to go out of the track | EXORBITANT |
| expeditus | hasen, dispatch | EXPEDITE, EXPEDIENT |
| exponere | to put forth | expound, expose, EXPOSITION |
| expungere | mark for omission, erase | EXPUNGE |
| extirpare | to root out | EXTIRPATE |
| extraneare | to treat as a stranger | ESTRANGE |
| extremus | last, outermost | EXTREME, extremity |
| extricatus | to disentangle | EXTRICATE |
| exuberare | to come forth in abundance | EXUBERANT, exuberance |
| fabula | story | fable, fabulous |
| facilis | easy, to make easy | facile, facility, FACILITATE |
| facere, factum, FAC, FIC | to do, to make | facsimile, EFFACE, fiction, SURFEIT |
| facetia | a jest, witty | facetiae, FACETIOUS |
| factum, FACT | to do, to make | manufacture, factory |
| fallere | to deceive, disappoint | FALLACIOUS, infallible |
| fama | fame, reputation | famous, INFAMOUS |
| fanaticus | enthusiastic | FANATIC |
| fanus, fanum | a temple | PROFANE, PROFANITY |
| fari, FAB, FAM | speak | fame, fable, AFFABLE, famous |
| fastidium | loathing, disgust | FASTIDIOUS |
| fatuus | silly | FATUOUS, fatuity |
| fecundus | fertile, fruitful | FECUND, fatuity |
| femina | woman | female, feminine, femininity |
| fendere, FEND | to resist, hit, strike | defend, offend, offense |
| ferre, FER | to carry, to bear | refer, transfer, conference, proffer |
| ferrum | iron | ferric, ferrous, ferrotype |
| fertilis | to bear fruit | FERTILE, fertility |
| fervere, FERV | boil, ferment | FERVOR, EFFERVESCENT, fervid |
| fetidus | to stink | FETID |
| fidere, fides, FID | faith, trust, rely on | fidelity, PERFIDY, perfidious, fiduciary |
| figare, fixus | to fasten, attach | fixative, crucifix, suffix |
| firmare, FIRM | to make firm, strengthen | AFFIRM, confirm, firmament |
| fingere | to touch, handle | feint, FEIGN |
| finire, finis, FIN | to end, limit | final, finite, infinity, confinement |
| fissum, FISS | split, burst | fissure |
| fictum, FICT | form, shape, mold | fiction, fictitious |
| finis, FIN | end, limit | final, definite |
| flagrare, FLAG, FLAM | to burn, flame, blaze | flammable, FLAGRANT, conflagration |
| flare, flatus | blow | deflate, inflation |
| flectere, FLECT | bend, turn | deflection, inflection, reflect |
| flexum, FLEX | bend, turn | flexible |
| fligere, FLICT | to strike, drive, dash | afflict, inflict, conflict, PROFLIGATE |
| florere, FLOR- | thrive, to flower | FLOURISH, florid |
| fluitas, (superfluere) | to overflow | SUPERFLUOUS, SUPERFLUITY |
| fluere, FLU | flow | confluence, fluid, flume, influence |
| fluxum, FLUX | flow | influx |
| foris | out of doors, beyond | FORFEIT, FORFEITURE |
| forma, FORM | shape, beauty, constant | UNIFORM, REFORM, FORMAL |
| fortis, FORT | strong, brave | fortify, force, forte, comfort, FORTITUDE |
| fortuna, FORT | chance, luck | fortunate, FORTUITOUS |
| fundare, FOUND, FUND | bottom | foundation, fundamental, PROFOUND |
| frangere, FRANG | to break | frangible, fragment |
| frangere, FRAG | to break | fragment, fragile |
| fractrum, FRACT | to break | fraction, fracture |
| frater, FRATR | brother | fraternal, fraternize |
| fraus, FRAUD | deceit, trickery | fraud, FRAUDULENT |
| frivolus | fragile, silly | FRIVOLOUS, frivolity |
| fructus, FRUIT, FRUG | fruit, produce | fruitful, fruition |
| frugalis | proper, worthy | FRUGAL |
| fugere, FUG | flee, escape | fugacious |
| fugitum, FUGIT | flee, escape | fugitive |
| fulmen | lightning, thunderbolt | FULMINATE |
| fumus | smoke | fumitory, fumarole |
| fundere, FUND | to pour out, shed, scatter | refund, FUSILLADE |
| fungi, FUNG | perform, do, discharge | function |
| functum, FUNCT | perform, do, discharge | functionary |
| funus, FUNER | death, funeral | funeral, funereal |
| furere, FUR | rave, rage | fury, furious, infuriate |
| furtum | theft, stealthy | FURTIVE |
| fusum, FUS | pour, shed, scatter | diffuse, PROFUSE, effusive |
| futilis | worthless, untrustworthy | FUTILE, futility |
| garrire | chatter | GARRULOUS |
| genialis | of birth, generation | GENIAL, congenital, CONGENIAL |
| genus, GEN, GENER | birth, race, kind | GENRE, generic, generous, generation |
| gestum, GEST | carry, wear, wage | gestation, gesture |
| gladius | sword | gladiator, gladiate |
| globus | ball, sphere | globe, global |
| glutire | to devour | GLUTTON, gluttonous |
| gradior, GRAD, GRADI | walk, step; move foreward | gradual, retrograde, gradient |
| gressum, GRESS | walk, step; move foreward | progress, aggressive, REGRESS |
| grandis, GRAND | great | grandeur, grandiose, grandiloquent, AGGRANDIZE |
| gratia | favor, grace | grace |
| gratus, GRAT | pleasing, favorable | gratitude, congratulate, INGRATIATE |
| gravis, GRAV, GRIEV | heavy, serious | grave, grievance, AGGRAVATE, gravid, grief, AGGRIEVE, GRAVITY |
| grex, GREG | flock, herd | congregate, segregate, GREGARIOUS |
| habere, HAB | to have, hold, keep | habit, inhabit |
| habeo, HABIT | to have, hold, keep | habitual, habituate |
| haerere, HER, HES | to cling, stick | adhesive, cohesive, adherent, INHERENT |
| haeresis | school of thought, sect | heretic, HERESY |
| harmonicus | fitting, agreement | HARMONY, harmonic |
| heres, HERED | heir | hereditary, heredity |
| herba | grass, herb | herbivorous, herbaceous |
| hilarare, hilaris | to gladden, merry | hilarious, exhilarate |
| histrio | actor | HISTRIONICS |
| homo, HOMIN | man, human being | homicidal, hominize |
| horrere, HORR | shudder, stand stiff | horrendous, abhor |
| hostis | enemy | hostile |
| humanus | mankind | humanity |
| humere, HUM | be moist, damp | humid |
| humilis | lowly | HUMILITY, humiliate |
| id | one’s own | IDIOM, idiosyncrasy |
| ignis | fire | ignite, ignition, igneous |
| ignorare | to have no knowledge of | ignore, ignorant |
| imbuere | to wet, soak | IMBUE |
| imitari, IMIT | to copy | imitative |
| imitatum, IMITAT | to copy | imitate, imitation |
| immunis | tax exempt | IMMUNE |
| impedire (im + pes) | "to hold the feet", entangle | IMPEDE |
| imponere | to place upon | IMPOSE |
| inanis | empty, vacant | INANE |
| incidere | occur, to fall upon, likely | incident, INCIDENTAL |
| incisio, incisivus, CIS | to cut | excise, incision, INCISIVE, incisor |
| inchoare | to begin | INCHOATE |
| incurrere | to run into, attack | incur, INCURSION |
| indulgere | be kind to, yield to | indulge. INDULGENT |
| iners (in + ars) | without skill or art | inertia, INERT |
| infere (in + ferre) | to carry in | INFER |
| ingenerare | to beset | ENGENDER |
| ingenuus | native, inborn, frank | INGENUOUS |
| inhibere | hold back, restrain | INHIBIT |
| inimicus | hostile | INIMICAL |
| iniquus | uneaqual | INIQUITY, INIQUITIOUS |
| innovare | to renew | INNOVATE |
| inquirere | to seek | inquire, INQUISITIVE |
| instigare | to incite, stimulate | INSTIGATE |
| insula, isola | island, to isolate | isolate, insulate, INSULAR |
| integritas | whole, entire | INTEGRITY |
| intendere | aim at, stretch for | intend, intense, INTENSIFY |
| intricare | to entangle, PERPLEX | INTRICATE, intricacy |
| intus | within | INTIMATE |
| iratus | to be angry | IRATE, IRASCIBLE |
| ire, itum, IT | to go | initiate, transit |
| iter, ITINER | journey, walk | ITINERANT |
| jacere, JAC | to throw, cast down | ejaculate, adjacent |
| jactum, JECT | to throw, cast down | eject, reject, trajectory, ejecta, object, OBJECTIVE |
| jejunus | hungry or meager | jejune |
| jocus | joke | jocund, jocular, jocose, jocosity |
| Jovis | Roman god Jupiter | JOVIAL |
| judex, JUDIC | judge, judgement | JUDICIOUS, judicial, adjudicate |
| jugum | a yoke | SUBJUGATE |
| jungere, JUNG | to join, to meet | conjugal, conjugate, CONJOIN |
| junctum, JUNCT | to join, to meet | junction, injunction |
| jus, JUR, JUST | right, law, take an oath | abjure, PERJURY, CONJURE, jurisprudence |
| juvenile | oung | juvenile, REJUVENATE |
| labi, LAB | slide, slip, fall | labile |
| laborare | to work | collaborate, ELABORATE |
| lapsum, LAPS | slide, slip, fall | lapse |
| labor | work, exertion | labor, laboratory, laborious |
| lacrima | a tear | lachrymal, lachrymouse |
| lamentium | a mourning, wailing | LAMENT |
| languere | to be faint, listless | languid, LANGUISH, languor |
| lassus | faint, weary | LASSITUDE |
| latus, LATER | wide, sideways | LATITUDE. lateral, UNILATERAL |
| latere | to lie, hidden | LATENT |
| latum, -LAT | to bear, to carry | relate, translate |
| laudare | to praise, glory | LAUDABLE |
| lavere, LUT, LUG, LAV | to wash | dilute, DELUGE, lavatory |
| laxus | to be loose | LAX, laxity |
| legare | to send | RELEGATE, delegate |
| legere, LEG | gather, choose, read | legend, elegant, ELEGANCE |
| lectum, LECT | gather, choose, read | dialect, election, collect, select |
| lethargia | idle | lethargic, LETHARGY |
| lex, LEGIS | law | legislature, illegitimate, legal |
| levare, LEV | light, to lift, rise | LEVITY, elevate, ALLEVIATE, RELIEVE |
| liber | free | liberate, libertine, deliberate |
| liber, LIBR | book | library, libel |
| licere, lictum, LICT | leave, quit, permitted | license, licet |
| ligare | to bind | allegiance, oblige, ligature |
| ligne, LIGN | line, cord | align |
| lignum | wood | LIGNEOUS |
| linqua | tongue, language | linguistics, lingual |
| linquere, LINQU | leave, quit | relinquish |
| liquere, LIQU | to flow, be fluid, clear | liquid, PROLIX |
| litigare | to dispute | LITIGATE, LITIGANT |
| littera | letter of the alphabet | literature, obliterate, literal, literati |
| livere | be black and blue | livid |
| locus | place | dislocate, ALLOCATE |
| longus | long | PROLONG |
| loquax, LOQUAC | talkative | LOQUACIOUS |
| loqui. LOQU | speak, talk | eloquent, soliloquy |
| locutum, LOCUT | speak, talk | elocution, CIRCUMLOCUTION |
| lucere, LUC, LUM, LUS | shine, be light | LUMINOUS, translucent, LUCID, luster |
| lucidus | light, clear | ELUCIDATE |
| ludere, LUD | to play, to mock | interlude, delude, ludicrous, elude, prelude |
| lugere, lugubris | to mourn | lugubrious |
| lusum, LUS | to play, to mock | illusion, COLLUSION |
| lumen | bright light | luminance, luminary, LUMEN |
| luna | moon | lunatic, lunate, lunation |
| lupus | wolf | lupine |
| lympha | water | lymph, lymphatic |
| macer | lean, thin | MEAGER |
| macerare | make soft, or tender | MACERATE |
| magister, MAGISTR | teacher, master | magistrate |
| magnus, MAGNA | big, great, large | magnitude, magnify, MAGNANIMOUS |
| major, MAJ | greater, bigger, larger | major, majestic |
| maximus, MAX | greatest, biggest, largest | maximum, maxim |
| manere, MAN | remain, dwell | manse, manor |
| mansum, MANS | remain, dwell | mansion |
| malleare | to beat with a hammer | MALLEABLE |
| malus, MAL | bad, evil, wrong | maladjusted, MALICE, malignant |
| malus, pejor | worse | PEJORATIVE |
| malus pessimus | worst | pessimist, pessimism, PESSIMISTIC |
| mandare (manus + dare) | to order, command | mandate, commandment, MANDATORY |
| manus, MAN, MANI | hand | manual, MANIFEST, manumit, manipulate |
| mare | sea | mariner, aquamarine |
| margo | boarderland | margin, MARGINAL |
| Martialis | of Mars (the god of war) | MARTIAL |
| matea | a hoe, club | MACE |
| mater, MATR | mother, women | maternity, MATRIARCH |
| materia | matter | MATERIAL, materialism, materialize |
| mecari | to trade, buy | merchant, market |
| medius, mediocris | middle | intermediary, medieval, MEDIOCRE |
| melior | better | meliorate, AMELIORATE, melioration |
| mellifer | honey | MELLIFLUOUS |
| memoria, MEMIN | remember | memoir, memorable, memorandum |
| mendax, MENDAC | lying, false | mendacious, MENDACITY |
| mens | mind | mention |
| mensurare | to measure | measure, COMMENSURATE |
| merces | pay, wages | mercenary |
| mergere | to dip, sink | merge, MERGER |
| merx, MERC | goods, wares | merchant, merchandise |
| metus, meticulosus | fear, fearful | METICULOUS |
| migrare. MIGR | move, change places | emigrant |
| migratum, MIGRAT | move, change places | MIGRATORY, migration |
| militare, MILIT | to serve as soldiers | militia, military, demilitarize |
| ministre, MINISTR | attendant, servant, helper | minister, ministration |
| min | small | minute, miniature, diminish |
| minor | smaller. less | minor, minority |
| mimimus | smallest, least | minimal, minimize |
| minure | to lessen | DIMINISH |
| mirare | to look at, wonder at | mirage, miracle, admiral |
| miscere. MISC | to mix | admixture, miscellaneous, PROMISCUOUS |
| miser | wretched, unhappy | MISER, miserable, miserly |
| miserari | to pity | misery, COMMISERATE |
| mitigare | to make mild, soft, tender | MITIGATE |
| mittere, MIT, MITT | send, let, go | emissary, remit, admittance, transmit |
| missum, MIS, MISS | send, let, go | missive, remission, demise, SURMISE |
| modestus | keeping due measure | MODEST, modesty |
| modus, MOD | measure, manner, means | mode, modal, modify |
| moles | mass, bulk, pile | moleculr, molecular |
| monere, MON | to warn, advise, remind | monument, summons, remonstrate |
| monitum, MONIT | to warn, advise, remind | monitor, admonition, ADMONISH |
| monotonus | one tone | monotone, monotony, MONOTONUS |
| mons, MONT | mountain | montage, monticule |
| morbus | disease | morbid |
| mordere, MORD | bite | REMORSE, mordacious |
| morsum, MORS | bite | morsel |
| morsus | peevish, fretful | MOROSE |
| mors, MORT | death, to die | immortal, morgue, MORBID, moribund |
| mos, MOR | manner, custom | MORALITY, mores |
| movere, MOV | to move | locomotive, MOTIVE, MOTILITY |
| motum, MOT | to move | motion, motor, MOTIF |
| multus, MULTI | many | multitude, multiply, multimedia |
| munificus | bountiful | MUNIFICENT |
| murmure | to murmur, roar | MURMUR |
| murus | wall | mural, intramural |
| mus, MUR | mouse | murid, murine |
| musivus | artistic, of a muse | MOSAIC |
| mutare, mutatum, MUT | to change | mutation, mutant, permutation, MUTABLE, IMMUTABLE |
| nasci, NAT, NAS, NAI | to bear, be born | native, prenatal, natural, INNATE, RENAISSANCE |
| nativus | natural, native | NAÏVE, naivete |
| navis | ship | navy, navigate |
| negare | to deny | negation, abnegate |
| nemus, NEMOR | wood, grove | nemophila |
| nervous | tendon, sinew | nervous, nervy, nerve |
| neuter | ne-not + uter-neither | neuter, NEUTRAL, neutrality |
| nihil, NIHIL | none, nothing, not any | ANNIHILATE, nihilism, nil |
| nocere, NEC, NOC, NOX | to harm, injure | internecine, INNOCUOUS, obnoxious |
| momen, NOM, NYM | name | nominate, misnomer, nomenclature |
| norma | rule | normative |
| noster | ours | NOSTRUM |
| notare | to mark, note | notation, connotation, annotation |
| notum, NOT | know | notable, notation |
| novus, NOV, NOU | new, fresh | renovate, NOVICE, NOVEL |
| nox, NOCT | night | nocturnal, equinox |
| nullus, NUL, NULL | not any, none | null, annul, NULLIFY |
| numerou | number | enumerate, numerable, INNUMERABLE |
| numisma | a coin | numismatic, NUMISMATIST |
| nuntiare | to announce | DENOUNCE |
| nutrire | nourish | nutriment |
| nutiare, NOUNC, NUNC | to report, tell | announce, RENOUNCE, pronounce |
| nucella, nux, NUC | nut | nucellus, nuclear |
| obliterare | to blot out | OBLITERATE |
| obscurus | covered over | OBSCURE |
| obstare | to stand against, oppose | OBSTINATE |
| obviare | to prevent | OBVIATE |
| oculus | eye | monocle, binocular, ocular |
| odium | hatred | odium, ODIOUS |
| officius | to do work | office, OFFICIOUS |
| ominosus | evil omen | OMINOUS |
| omnis, OMNI | all | omnipotent, omniscient |
| onus, ONER | burden | onerous, EXONERATE |
| opacus | shady dark | OPAQUE, APACITY |
| opponere, oppositus | against | opposite, OPPOSITION |
| optare | choose | option, opinion |
| optimus, OPTIM | best | optimum, OPTIMISM |
| opus, OPER | work | operative, opus, opera, operate |
| ordo, ORDIN | rank, row, order | ordinal |
| oriri, ORI | rise | origin, original |
| os, OSS | bone | ossicle, OSSIFY |
| oscillare | to swing | OSCILLATE |
| ostendere | to show against | ostensible, OSTENTATION |
| palatum | to the palate | PALATABLE |
| palpare | to feel, stroke | palpable, PALPITATE |
| pallere, PALL | be pale, yellow, or faded | PALLID, PALOR |
| palliare | to conceal, cloak | PALLIATE, palliative |
| par, parare | equal, to make equal | par, DISPARATE |
| paradigma | to show, example | PARADIGM |
| parage | rank | PEER |
| parcere | to spare | PARSIMONY |
| parens, parere | to appear | apparent, TRANSPARENT |
| parere, PAR | prepare, get ready, equal | DISPARATE, parity, preparedness |
| pars, PART | part | particle, PARTISAN, BIPARTISIAN |
| passus, pati, passum | suffer, endure | patient, PASSIVE, passion |
| pater, PATR | father | paternal, patronize, EXPATRIATE |
| pauci, PAU | few | PAUCITY, pauper |
| pauper, PO, POV, PU | poor person, poor | poverty, IMPOVERISH, pauper |
| pax, PAC, PEAC | peace | pacify, APPEASE, pact |
| pecunia | money | pecuniary, impecunious |
| pejor | worst | PEJORATIVE |
| pellere, PELL | driven, to push | compel, expel, propellant |
| pelsum, PULS | to push | pulsate, IMPULSIVE |
| pendere, PEND | to hang, weigh, play | impending, appendage, suspend, pending, PENCHANT |
| penser, pensum, PENS | to hang, weight, play | expense, dispense, pensive, indispensable |
| penuria | want, scarcity | PENURY, PENURIOUS |
| perfidia | faithlessness, to deceive | perfidy, perfidious |
| perfungi | get rid of, discharge | PERFUNCTORY |
| peroratus | to pray, speak, orate | PERORATE |
| perquisitum | something required | PERQUISETE |
| pervadere (per + vadere) | to go through | PERVADE, pervasive |
| pervius | per (through) via (way) | pervious, IMPERVIOUS |
| pes, PED, POD | foot | pedal, PEDESTRIAN, expedition, podiatrist |
| pessimus | worst | pessimist, pessimism, pessimistic |
| pestis | plague | pestilence, pestiferous, PESTILENT |
| petere, PET, PIT | aim at, seek, attack | impetuous, PETULANT, propitious |
| petitum. PETIT | aim at, seek, attack | petition |
| pictum, PICT | paint, tattoo | picture, pictorial |
| pius | devoted to duty, godly | PIOUS, piosity |
| placere, PLAC | please, be agreeable | PLACATE, placebo, IMPLACABLE |
| placitum, PLACIT | please, be agreeable | PLACID, COMPLACENT |
| planus | flat, even | plane |
| plaudere, PLAUD | beat, clap, approve | applaud, plaudit, implode |
| plausum, PLAUS | beat, clap, approve, true | PLAUSIBLE |
| plexum, PLEX, PLIC | weave, plait, fold, tangle | complicate, IMPLICATE, complex |
| plenus, | full | plenty, replenish, PLETHORA |
| plicare, PLIC, PLICAT | to fold, bend | complicate, EXPLICIT, IMPLICIT |
| plere, PLE, PLET, PLEN | to fill, full | complete, IMPLEMENT, DEPLETE, replete |
| plus, pluris, PLU | more, further | surplus, plurality, NONPLUS |
| poenalis, PEN, PUN | to pay, compensate | penalty, punitive, penance |
| pompa | SOLEMN procession | pomp, POMPOUS, POMPOSITY |
| ponderare | to weigh | PONDER, PONDEROUS |
| ponere,PON | to place, put | component |
| positum, POS, POUND | to place, put | position, opposite, EXPOUND |
| populus | people | populace, popularity |
| portere, PORT | carry | portable, portage, export, import |
| portio | share, portion | apportion, proportion |
| posterus | next, following | PREPOSTEROUS |
| potens | powerful, able | potentate, potent, potential |
| praecedere | to precede | precedence, UNPRECEDENTED |
| praecipitare | before, ahead | precipice, PRECIPITATE |
| praedicare | to proclaim, declare | PREACH |
| precarius, PREC | to request, beg, prayer | precarious, imprecate |
| prediligere | to prefer | PREDILECTION |
| prehendere, PREHEND | seize, grasp | apprehend, comprehend |
| prehensum, PREHENS | seize, grasp | REPREHENSIBLE, COMPREHENSIVE |
| PRISE | seize, grasp | comprise, REPRISAL |
| pressare | to press, squeeze | press, pressure, REPRESS |
| pressum, PRESS | squeeze | depress, oppress, impress, SUPPRESS |
| pretiare, PREC | to value | precious, depreciation |
| primus, PRIMO | first | primordial, primary, PRIME |
| pristinus | former | PRISTINE |
| privare | separate, peculiar | privilege, deprive |
| probare, PROB | to prove, test | probation, prove, PROBITY |
| prodigere | wasteful | PRODIGAL |
| prodigiosus | marvelous | PRODIGIOUS, PRODIGY |
| profanus | before a temple | PROFANE, PROFANITY |
| progresse | to step, to go forward | progress, PROGRESSIVE |
| proles | offspring | prolific, PROLIFERATE |
| prolongare | lengthen, extend in time | prolong |
| promere | to bring forth | PROMPT |
| promittere | to promise | COMPROMISE |
| prope | near | approach, REPROACH |
| propendere | to hang or lean foreward | propend, PROPENSITY |
| propinquus | near | PROPINQUITY |
| proprius | ones’ own, peculiar | property, proprietary, PROPRIETY |
| prosa | direct speech | PROSE, PROSAIC |
| prosperare | succeed, thrive, grow | prosper, PROSPEROUS |
| providere, providens | to see before, cautious | provide, PRUDENT, providence, IMPROVIDENT |
| provincia | territory outside of Rome | province, PROVINCIAL |
| proximus | nearest | proximity, approximate |
| pudere, pudens | to feel shame, modest | IMPUDENT |
| pugnare, PUG | to fight, boxer | pugilist, REPUGNANT |
| pugnare, PUGN | to fight, boxer | pugnacious, IMPUGN, REPUGNANT |
| pungere, PUNG | prick, sting | PUNGENT, EXPUNGE |
| punctum, PUNC | prick, sting | punctual, puncture, compunction |
| pungere, POIGN, POINT | prick, sting | poignant, pointed |
| pulcher, PULCHR | beautiful | pulchritude |
| purgare | to clean | purge, purgatory |
| putare, PUT | to think, reckon, consider | computer, compute |
| putatum, PUTAT | to think, reckon, consider | reputation, COMPUTATION |
| putris | rotten | putrid, PUTRIFY |
| quaerere, QUE | ask, seek | conquer, quest, acquire, query |
| quaesitum, QUIS | ask, seek | INQUISITIVE, exquisite, acquisition |
| qualis | of what sort, kind | QUALITY, QUALIFY |
| quantus, quande | how great, how much | QUANDARY |
| quattuor | four | quarterly, quatrain, quaternary |
| queri | complain | QUERULOUS |
| quies, QUI | quite | tranquil, ACQUIESCE, QUIESCENT |
| quotus | how many | QUORUM, quotient |
| rabies | madness | RABID |
| radius | ray, beam, rod | radian, radiation |
| radix, RADIC | root | radicle, radical, ERADICATE |
| rancere, RANC | be stinking | rancid |
| rapere, RAP | to seize, snatch | rape, rapacious, rapine |
| raptum, RAPT | to seize, snatch | rapture, rapt |
| ratio, RATION | reckoning, account | reason, ration |
| ratum, RAT | think, suppose, consider | rational, IRRATIONAL |
| ratus | to reckon | RATIFY |
| raucus | to mutter, give hoarse cries | RAUCOUS |
| recalcitrare | to kick back | RECALCITRANT |
| reciprocus | returning | reciprocate, RECIPROCAL |
| rectificare | to correct | RECTIFY |
| recipere | to take back | receive, receipt, RECEPTIVE |
| rectum, RECT | direct, in a straight line | rectitude |
| redundare | to overflow | REDUNDANT |
| refere, relatus | to bring back | refer, relate, CORRELATE |
| reformare | to make better | REFORM |
| refutare | to repel | REFUTE |
| regere, rectus | right, to make straight | erect, RECTITUDE |
| regere, rex, regis | to rule, king, direct | regimen, direct, regular, regency |
| regnum | to reign | INTERREGNUM |
| removere | to remove | REMOTE |
| renda | to tear apart | rend |
| renuntiare | to tell back | RENOUNCE |
| repletus | to fill again | REPLETE, REPLETION |
| repellere | to repel, reject | repulse, repellent, repel |
| repressus | to hold back | REPRESS |
| reprobare | rebuke, censure | REPROVE |
| repudiare | to put away, divorce | REPUDIATE |
| rescindere | to cut off | RESCIND |
| residere | remainding | residue, RESIDUAL |
| resilire | (salire) to jump, (re-) back | resile, RESILIENT |
| respectus | to look at, look back on | respect, RESPITE |
| resplendere | shining brightly | RESPLENDENT |
| retrahere | to draw back | RETRACT |
| revelatio, revelare | disclose, reveal | REVELATION |
| rex, REG | king | regal |
| ridere, risum, RID, RIS | to laugh at | DERISION, ridicule, risible, DERIDE |
| rigere, RIG | to be stiff, numb | rigor, RIGOROUS, rigid, RIGIDTY |
| rogare, ROG | ask, stretch out the hand | arrogance |
| rogatum, ROGAT | ask, stretch out the hand | INTERROGATE, rogation, abrogate |
| rotare, rotatus, rota | to turn, wheel, turned | rotation, rotary, rotor, ROTUND |
| ruffelen | to scratch | ruffle |
| rumpere, RUMP | to break, destroy | abrupt, rupture |
| ruptum, RUPT | to break, destroy | interrupt, CORRUPT, corruptive |
| rus, RUR | country | rural |
| saccharum | sugar | SACCHARINE |
| sacrare, SANCT, SECR | holy | DESECRATE, CONSECRATE, sanctify |
| sacrare, SACR | holy | sacred, sacrament |
| sagax, sagacis, sapare | wise, to know, to taste | sage, SAGACIOUS, sapient |
| sal | salt | saline |
| salire, SAL, SIL | to leap, jump | sally, salutatory, salient, RESILIENT |
| saltum, SAULT, SULT | to leap, jump | assault, desultory, somersault |
| salus, SALUT | health, safety | salute, SALUTARY, SALUBRIOUS |
| salvare | to save | salvation, salvage, save |
| sanctus, SANCT | holy | sanctify, SANCTION, sanctuary |
| sanguis, SANGUIN | blood (cheerful) | SANGUINE, consanguinity |
| sanitas, sanatorius | health, healthy | sanitation, sanitary |
| sanus | sound | sanity |
| sapor, sapere | to taste | SAVOR, INSIPID |
| satis, satiare, SAT | enough, to fill, full | sated, INSATIABLE, satisfy, satiate |
| satura | a satire, poetic medley | satire, SATIRIC |
| saquire | perceive clearly | SAGACIOUS |
| scala | stairs, ladder | SCALE |
| scandere, SCAND | climb | ascend, ascension, descendant |
| scire, SCI | to know, knowing | OMNISCIENT, science, conscious |
| scribere, SCRIB | write, incise, scratch | scribe, describe, TRANSCRIBE |
| scriptum, SCRIPT | write, incise, scratch | subscription, script, manuscript |
| scrupus | sharp stone | scruple, SCRUPULOUS |
| scrutari | to search into carefully | scrutiny, SCRUTINIZE |
| secare, SEC | to cut | section, sectional, sector |
| sectum, SECT | to cut | intersection |
| securus | free from care | secure, security |
| sedere, SED | to sit | sediment, preside, RESIDE |
| semen, SEMIN | to sow, seed | seminal, DISSEMINATE, SEMINARY |
| senex, SEN | old man | senate |
| sensus, SENSU | feeling | sensual |
| sentiere, SENT | to feel, perceive, think | SENTIENT, sentiment, consent, DISSENT |
| sensum, SENS | to feel, perceive,think | sensation, sensible, sensory, dissension |
| sepsis | poison, rotting | septic, ANTISEPTIC, aseptic |
| sequi, SEQ | to follow, following | SEQUENTIAL, sequence |
| secutum, SEC, SECUT | to follow | second, prosecute |
| sera | a saw | serrate, SERRATED, serration |
| serenus | dry, clear, calm | SERENE, SERENITY |
| servere, SERV | save, protect, keep, hold | servant, reserve, RESERVED |
| servus | slave | SERVITUDE, service |
| sessum, SESS, SED, SID | to sit. plan, plot | session, preside, residual, subsidy |
| severitas | harsh, strict | severity, SEVERE |
| sidere | to settle | SUBSIDE |
| signare, SIGN | to sign, to mark out | signature, CONSIGN, RESIGNATION |
| simplex, SIMPLIC | single, simple | simple, simplex, SIMPLICITY |
| similare, similis | to make like | similar, facsimile, simulation, assimilate |
| sinister | lefthanded, unlucky | SINISTER |
| sinus | a bend | SINUOUS |
| sobrius | sober, moderate | SOBER, SOBRIETY |
| socius, sociare | companion, follower | society, social, association |
| sol | sun | solar, solstice |
| solare, solus, SOL | to make lonely, alone | solo, SOLITARY, SULLEN |
| sollicitus | anxious, worried | SOLICIT, solicitous |
| soloecismus | speaking incorrectly | SOLECISM |
| solutum, SOL | loosen, release, undo | dissolute, soluble, RESOLUTE |
| solvere, SOLV | loosen, release, undo | solvent, resolve, INSOLVENT |
| somnus | sleep | somnolent, sopor, soporific |
| sonus, sonare | to sound | DISSONANCE, unison, sonorous |
| sonus, sonare | to sound | RESOUND, SONATA, DISSONANT |
| sors, sortis | lot, a share | sort, consortium |
| spatiosus | large area | SPACIOUS |
| specere, SPEC, SPIC | see, look at | specimen, CONSPICUOUS, specific |
| spectum, SPECT | see, look at | inspect, spectacle, RETROSPECT |
| spirere, SPIR | to breathe, breath | aspire, INSPIRE |
| spiratum, SPIRAT | breath | respiration, inspiration |
| spondere, sponsus | to pledge, promise | sponsor, respond, RESPONSIVE |
| spontaneus | of free will | SPONTANEOUS, SPONTANEITY |
| sporadicus | to scatter | SPORADIC |
| spurius | false, illegitimate | SPURIOUS |
| squalere, SQUAL | be rough, foul, or filithy | SQUALID, squalor |
| squandere | to scatter | SQUANDER |
| stagnare | pool, swamp | stagnate, STAGNATION |
| stare, stet, STA | to stand | stable, stagnant, contrast |
| statum, STAT | to stand | status, statue, STATIC, STANZA |
| stellare, stella | to shine, star | stellar, constellation |
| sterilis | barren | STERILE |
| stinguere, STINGU | to prick, to quench | DISTINGUISH, EXTINGUISH |
| stinctum, -STINCT | to prick, to quench | distinct, distinction, distinctive |
| stolidus | firm, slow, stupid | STOLID |
| strategema | act of a general | strategy, STRATAGEM |
| stratum, STRAT | layer, spread | STRATIFY, STRATUM |
| striare | groove, channel, lined | STRIATED |
| stringere, STRING | draw tight, bind | astringent, STRINGENT |
| strictum, STRICT | draw tight, bind | strict, constriction |
| stridere | rasp | STRIDENT |
| struere, STRU | build, construct, spread | structure, MISCONSTRUE, instrument |
| structum, STRUCT | build, construct, spread | instruct |
| studere, STUD | diligent, zealous, study | student, studious |
| stupere, STUP | be stunned | STUPOR |
| suavis, SUA | sweet, smooth | suave, ASSUAGE, persuade |
| substare (sub + stare) | to stand under, present | substance, SUBSTANTIVE |
| subtilis | fine, thin, precise | SUBTLE, subtlety |
| succedere | to go under, follow after | succeed, succession, SUCCESSIVE |
| succinctus | short, contracted | SUCCINCT |
| summonere | to remind privily | SUMMONS, summon |
| summus | highest | summit |
| sumptus | expense, cost | SUMPTUOUS |
| superlatus | excessive | SUPERLATIVE |
| supplantare | to trip up | SUPPLANT |
| supponere | to suppose, assume | SUPPOSITION |
| surgere, surrection | to rise, risen | insurgency, INSURRECTION, resurrection |
| surrepticius | to take away secretly | SURREPTITIOUS |
| sycophania | informer, toady | SYCOPHANT |
| symbolus | token, pledge | SYMBOLISM |
| tabula | board, tablet | tablet, tabloid, table |
| tacere, TAC, TIC | to be silent | TACIT, TACITURN, RETICENT |
| taedet | to disgust, offend | tedium, TEDIOUS |
| taliare | to cut, split, prune | TAILOR |
| talio | punishment in kind | retaliate, RETALIATION |
| tangere, tactus, TANG | to touch | tangent, TANGIBLE, TANGENTIAL |
| tactum, TACT | to touch | TACTILE, tactual |
| tardus | to make slow | TARDY, RETARD |
| tegere, TEG | cover, hide, defend | integument |
| tectum, TECT | cover, hide, defend | detection, protect |
| temere, temeritas | rashly, blindly | TEMERITY |
| temetum | strong drink | ABSTEMIOUS |
| temnere | to scorn | contemn, CONTEMPT |
| temperare | to temper, mix, regulate | TEMPERATE, temperance, TEMPERAMENT |
| tempus. TEMPOR | time | temporal, contemporize, temporize |
| tendere, TEND | stretch, spread, aim | contend, tend, EXTEND, DISTEND |
| tentum, TENT, TEN | stretch, spread, aim | PRETENTIOUS, EXTENSIVE |
| tensum, TENS | stretch, spread, aim | tension, tensor |
| tendere | to stretch, extend, tend | tendency, TENDENTIOUS |
| tenere, TEN,TAIN | hold, keep | TENACIOUS, contain, detain, tenure |
| tentare, tent | to touch, try | TENTATIVE |
| tenuis, TEND, TENS | thin, stretched | extend, tenuous, tendency, tendon |
| tenuis, TENT, TENU | thin, stretched | tentative, contend, TENUOUS, extenuating |
| tepere | be lukewarm | tepid |
| tergere | to wipe | TERSE |
| terminus | boundry, end | terminator, terminal, DETERMINE |
| terere, TER, TRIT | rub away, tread, wear out | detriment |
| terra | land, earth | terrace, terra firma |
| terrere, TERR | frighten | terror, DETER, terrorism |
| testis | witness | testament, testify, testimony |
| texere, textum, TEXT | weave, build | text, texture, textual, texturized |
| theoria | a looking at, speculation | theory, THEORETICAL |
| timere, TIM | fear | timid, TIMOROUS |
| tingere, TING | dip, soak, moisten, dye | tinge |
| tinctum, TINCT | dip, soak, moisten, dye | tincture |
| tirare | to draw fire | TIRADE |
| tirer | to draw | retire, RETIRING |
| tonsum, TONS | shear, clip, shave | tonsorial, tonsure |
| torpere, TORP | be stiff, numb | torpid, TORPOR |
| torquere, TORQU | to twist, turn | torque |
| tortum, TORT | to twist, turn | contortionist, extort, torture, TORTUOUS |
| torrere, TORR | parch, scorch | torrid |
| toxicare, toxicum | to smear with poison | toxic, toxin, toxicant |
| tradere | to deliver | EXTRADITE, tradition |
| traducere | exhibit, disgrace | TRADUCE |
| trahere, TRA | to draw, drag | TRAIT, TRACE |
| tractum, TRACT | to draw, drag, pull | subtract, TRACTABLE, PROTRACT |
| tradere | to give, deliver over | TRADITION, treason |
| tragicus | suffer | TRAGIC, tragedy |
| transcendere | trans + scandere- to climb | transcend, transcendent |
| transigere | to come to a settlement | transact, INTRANSIGENT |
| transire (trans + ire) | to go across | transit, TRANSITORY |
| tremere, TREM | quake, quiver | tremble, tremendous, tremor |
| trepidare | to tremble | tremulous, TREPIDATION |
| tribuere, tributus, tribus | to assign, allot, pay | tribute, distribute, attribute |
| trivialis | commonplace, unimportant | TRIVIAL, trivia, trivialize |
| trudere | to thrust | ABSTRUSE |
| truncus | stem, trunk | TRUNK, truncate, truncheon |
| trux, TRUC | wild, rough, fierce | TRUCULENT |
| trudere, TRUD, TRUS | to push, thrust | protrude, intrusion, UNOBTRUSIVE |
| tumere, TUM | swell, be swollen | tumescence, tumult, TUMOR |
| turba, TURB | uproar, disturbance | perturb, turbulence, turbid |
| turpis | base, vile | TURPITUDE |
| ubique | (ubi) where, (qua) any | UBIQUITOUS, ubiquity |
| ultimus, ULTI | last | ultimate |
| umber (sub+umbrare) | shade, (under the shade) | SOMBER, ADUMBRATE |
| universus | all together | universal, universality, university |
| unda, UND | wave | undulate, abundant |
| uniformis | one form, unchanging | UNIFORM, uniformity |
| unus, UNI | one | unicorn, unicycle |
| urbs, URB | city | urban, exurb |
| usum, US | to use | usage, abuse, usurp |
| uter | neither | neuter, NEUTRAL |
| utor, UTI | to use | utility, utilization, UTILIZE |
| vacare, vacuus | empty | VACUOUS, evacuate |
| vacillare | to stagger | VACILLATE |
| vadere, vasun, VAD | to go, make ones way | vademecum, EVADE, EVASIVE |
| vagari, vagus | to wander | vagrant, vagaries, VAGUE |
| vanescere | to vanish | EVANESCENT |
| vanus | vain, boastful | vaunted |
| vasum, -VAS | a vessel, dish | vascular, vasectomy |
| valere, validum, VAL | to be strong, be well | valor, valid, evaluate, validity |
| varicar | to straddle, walk crookedly | PREVARICATE |
| varius | colored, DIVERSE | variable, variant, vary, VARIEGATED |
| vehemens | eager | VEHEMENT |
| vehere | carry | vehicle, vehicular |
| velle, volens | to wish, willing | VOLITION, BENEVOLENT |
| vena | blood vessel | vein, venous |
| vendere, VEND | sell | vend, vendor, venal |
| venenum | poison | venom, venomous |
| veneratus | to worship | VENERATE, veneration |
| venire, VENI, VEN | come, move toward | intervene, convention, CONTRAVENE |
| ventum, VENT, VENU | come, move toward | adventure, venue, invention |
| ventus | wind | VENT, VENTILATE |
| venter, VENTR | stomach | ventral, ventricle |
| verbum, VERB | word | VERBATIM, proverb, adverb, verb |
| vereri | to feel awe | REVERE |
| vergere | to turn, bend | CONVERGE, DIVERGENT |
| vermis | worm | vermin, verminous |
| verus, VER | true | VERIFY, aver, verdict, VERACITY |
| versum, VERS | to turn, change | versatile, AVERSION, DIVERSE |
| vestire, VEST | to dress, garment | vestment, vest, divest, investiture |
| vestigium | track, footprint | VESTIGIAL, VESTIGE |
| vertere, VERT, VER | to turn, change | revert, introvert, subvert, introversion, diverse, DIVERT |
| verticalis | the top, turning point | VERTICAL, VERTEX |
| vexare, VEX | shake, toss, trouble | VEX |
| vexatum, VEXAT | shake, trouble, distress | vexation |
| via | way, road | via, viaduct |
| videre, VID | to see | evident, provide, PROVIDENT |
| visum, VIS, VIEW | to see | visual, visible, review, supervise, VISIONARY |
| vigere, VIG | thrive, flourish | vigorous, VIGOR, vigorish |
| vilis | cheep, base | vile, VILIFY |
| vincere, VINC | conquer, win | invincible, convince, CONVICTION |
| vindicta | revenge, to claim, avenge | VINDICTIVE, VINDICATE |
| violare, violatus | to use force | violate, INVIOLATE, violence |
| victum, VICT | conquer, win | victor, victory, victorous |
| vino, vinum, vinosus | wine | vinous, vintage, viticulture |
| vir, virtus | man, manliness, worth | virtue, VIRTUOUS, triumvirate |
| virus | slime, poison | virus, VIRULENT, virulence |
| vitium | fault, flaw, offence | vitiate |
| vivere, vita, VIV, VI | to live, life, lively | REVIVE, convivial, VITAL, VIVID |
| victum, VIC, VICT | to live, life, lively | vicarious, VIABLE, VITALITY |
| vocere, VOC, VOK | to call, voice | vocal, invoke, revoke, PROVOCATIVE |
| vocatum, VOCAT | to call, voice | vocation, convocation, vocative, ADVOCATE |
| vociforatus | to cry out | VOCIFEROUS, vociferate |
| vocitus, vacare | to be empty | void, vacant |
| voluntas | free will | VOLUNTARY, VOLUNTEER |
| volvere, volutum | to turn | revolve, devolve, revolt, voluble |
| vorere | to eat, devour | VORACIOUS, carnivore, omnivorous |
| vocalis, vox, VOC | voice | vocal, vocalise |
| volare | to fly | VOLATILE |
| volo, VOL | to wish, towill | VOLUNTARY, VOLITION |
| volumen | a roll, scroll | volume, VOLUMINOUS |
| votum, VOT | promise, wish, vow | vote, votive, vow |
| vox | voice | voice, vocal, VOCALISE |
| vulgus | the common crowd, rabble | vulgar, vulgarize, VULGARIAN |
| vulnerare | to wound | vulnerable |
5. Greek prefixes
Prefix
|
Meaning
|
Examples
|
| A-, AN- | not, without | apolitical, anoxia, amoral, ATYPICAL |
| ACRO- | top, end | acrobat |
| ALLO- | other | ALLOCATE |
| AMB-, AMPHI- | around | amphitheater, ambit, AMBIANCE |
| AMB-, AMPH- | both, more than one | amphibious, AMBIGUOUS, AMBIVALENT |
| ANA-, AN- | up, back, again, similar to | anadromous, anagram, analogy |
| ANDRO-, ANDR- | human, male | androgynous, android, |
| ANTI-, ANT- | instead, against | antacid, antisocial, antipodes, ANTIPATHY |
| APO-, AP- | away, from, off, utterly | apogee, APOCRYPHAL, apostasy |
| ARCHAE- | ancient | archaeology |
| AUTO- | self | automatic, autocrat, AUTONOMY |
| BI- | two, twice | bipolar, biannual, bigamy, BILATERAL |
| CACO- | bad | CACOPHONY |
| CATA-, CAT- | down, down from, against | catacomb, catapult, CATASTROPHE |
| DECA- | ten | decade |
| DERMAT- | skin | dermatitis |
| DEUTERO- | second, farther | Deuteronomy |
| DIA-, DI- | through, across | diagram, dialysis, DIALECT, dialogue |
| DIS-, DI- | two, through, across | dilemma, dissect |
| DYS- | bad, difficult, faulty | dysfunctional (ill-, un-, mis-) |
| EC-, EX- | out, from, off | exit |
| ECO- | environment, habitat | ecosphere, ecosystem, ecotype |
| ECTO- | on the outside, without | ectoderm, ectomorphic |
| EN-, EM- | in, into | energy |
| ENDO- | within, inside, internal | endocrine, endocranium |
| ENNEA- | nine | ennead |
| EPI-, EP- | upon, at, over, near | epicenter, EPISODE, epidermis |
| ESO- | inward, within | esorteric, esotropia |
| EU- | good, well | EUPHONY, euphemism, eugenics, euphoria |
| EXO- | outside, external | exoteric, exclude |
| HECATO- | hundred | hecatomb |
| HEMI- | half | hemisphere |
| HEPTA- | seven | heptagon |
| HETERO- | unlike, other | heterogeneous, HETERODOXY |
| HEXA- | six | hexagon |
| HIER- | sacred | HIEROGLYPHICS |
| HOLO- | whole | holistic |
| HOMEO- | like, similar | HOMEOPATHY, HOMEOSTASIS |
| HOMO- | like, similar | homogeneous, homonym |
| HYPER- | over, above, beyond | hyperactive, HYPERBOLE |
| HYPO- | under, less than | HYPOCRITE, hypodermic, HYPOTHETICAL |
| IDIO- | individual | IDIOSYNCRASY |
| IDEO- | idea | ideologue |
| ISO- | equal | isometric, isobar |
| KILO- | thousand | kilogram, Kilohertz |
| MACRO- | large | macroscopic |
| MEGA-, MEGALO- | large | megaton, megalopolis, MEGALOMANIA |
| MESO- | middle | Mesolithic, mesoderm |
| META- | among, between, beyond | metathesis, metaphysical |
| MICRO- | small | microscopic |
| MONO- | one | monorail |
| MYRIAD- | ten thousand | MYRIAD |
| NEO- | new | neoclassical |
| OCTO- | eight | octogenarian, octopus |
| OLIG- | few | oligarchy |
| ORTHO- | straight, regular, upright | orthopedic, orthogenesis |
| PALEO- | ancient | Paleolithic |
| PALIN-, PALI- | back, again, backwards | palindrome |
| PAN- | all | pandemic, panorama, PANACEA, Pan-American |
| PARA- | beside, beyond, near, incorrectly, resembling | paragraph, paranormal, PARADOX, PARADIGM |
| PACHY- | thick | pachyderm |
| PENTA- | five | pentagon, pentagram |
| PERI- | around, about | perimeter, PERIPHERY, perihelion, perigee |
| POLY- | many | polychromatic, polyglot, polygamy |
| PRO- | before, forward, for | procrastinate |
| PROS- | to, toward, besides | prosenchyma |
| PROTO- | first | prototype, protoplasm |
| PSEUDO- | false | PSEUDONYM |
| SCHIZO- | cleave, cut, split | schizophrenia |
| SYN-, SYM-, SYS- | together, with | symmetric, SYNOPSIS, SYNTHESIS |
| TAUTO- | same | tautological |
| TELE- | far, distant | telephone, telegraph |
| TELEO- | end, result | teleology |
| TETRA- | four | tetrameter |
| TRI- | three | trimester |
6. Greek Number Forms
Prefix
|
Meaning
|
Examples
|
| MONO- | one | monogram |
| BI- | two | bipolar |
| TRI- | three | trimester, trycycle |
| TETRA- | four | tetrameter |
| PENTA- | five | pentagon |
| HEXA- | six | hexagon |
| HEPTA- | seven | heptagon |
| OCTO- | eight | octogenarian |
| ENNEA- | nine | ennead |
| DECA- | ten | decade |
| HECATO- | hundred | hecatomb |
| KILO- | thousand | kilogram |
| MYRIAD- | ten thousand | myriad |
| MEGA- | one million | Megahertz, megabyte |
7. Greek suffixes
Suffix
|
Meaning
|
Examples
|
| -AC, -IAC | pertaining to | cardiac, hypochondriac |
| -AGIA, ALGIA- | pain | neuralgia |
| -AST | one who does | dicast |
| -CRACY | government | democracy |
| -CLASM | destruction | iconoclasm |
| -EMIA | condition of the blood | anemia |
| -GENESIS | creation, formation | parthenogenesis |
| -GENIC | suitable | photogenic |
| -GRAM | record | electrocardiogram |
| -GRAPH | written | monograph, telegraph |
| -GRAPHY | process/method of writing | photography, calligraphy |
| -IA, -Y | act, state of | polity, EUPHORIA, dyslexia |
| -IATRICS | treatment of disease | pediatrics |
| -IATRY | healing | psychiatry |
| -IC | pertaining to, one who | DOGMATIC, aristocratic |
| -ICAL | pertaining to, made of | political, angelical |
| -IC, -ICE | art, science, study of | politics |
| -INE | used to form feminine nouns | heroine |
| -ITE | inhabitant of, product | sybarite, Lucite |
| -ITIS | inflammation | tendonitis, bronchitis, neuritis |
| -ISE, -IZE | to make to give | PROSELYTIZE, sanitize |
| -ISK, ISCUS | little | asterisk |
| -ISM | the belief in, profession of | hylozoism, euphemism, baptism |
| -IST | one who believes in | Platonist |
| -LATRY | worship of | idolatry |
| -LITE, -LITH | stone | megalith |
| -LOGUE | manner of speaking | monologue |
| -LOGY | science or study of | geology |
| -LYSIS | loosening | analysis |
| -MA, -M, -ME | result of | dogma, theorem, theme |
| -MANCY | prophecy | necromancy |
| -MANIA | madness for | pyromania |
| -METER | to measure | centimeter |
| -OID | resembling, like, shaped | humanoid, android |
| -OLOGY | science or study of | geology |
| -OMA | tumor | melanoma |
| -ORAMA | view | panorama |
| -OSIS | abnormal condition | halitosis |
| -PATHY | feeling, disease | ANTIPATHY, osteopathy |
| -PHILIA | love, affinity for | Anglophilia, homophilia |
| -PHILIC | love, affinity for | audiophilic |
| -PHOBIA | fear of | claustrophobia |
| -PHOR | that which carries | metaphor |
| -PHORIA | production of | EUPHORIA |
| -PHOROUS | producing | phosphorous |
| -POLY | sale, selling | monopoly |
| -SCOPE | instrument for visual exam | telescope, microscope |
| -SIS | act, state of | metamorphosis |
| -THERAPY | to nurse, care for | hydrotherapy |
| -TIC | pertaining to | STATIC, enigmatic |
| -Y | state of being | ANTIPATHY |
7. Greek base words
Word
|
Meaning
|
Examples
|
| acro | tip, top, apex | acropolis. acrophobia |
| aesth, AESTH | feeling | AESTHETICS |
| aer, AER | lower air | aerobic, aerodynamic |
| aden | gland | adrenal |
| agogos, AGOG | leader | DEMAGOGUE, pedagogic |
| agon, AGON | contest, struggle | antagonist, agony |
| agro, agros | field, earth, soil | agriculture, agronomy |
| aigis | goatskin cloak; shield | AEGIS |
| akme | top point | acme |
| algia | pain | neuralgia |
| allos, ALLO | other | allotropic, allomorph, allopathic, allogamy |
| anthropos, ANTHROP | man, stamen | anthropomorphic |
| anemo | wind | anemometer, anemophilous |
| athl | prize | decathlon |
| ainigma | riddle | ENIGMA, enigmatic |
| anthropos | man | anthropology |
| archos, ARCH | chief, first, rule | monarch, archangel, archipelago, ANARCHY |
| archaeo, archaios | ancient, old | archaeology, archeozoic |
| aristo, aristos | best | aristocracy, aristocrat |
| arithmos | number | arithmetic |
| askein | exercised, austere | ASCETIC |
| aster, astro, ASTR | star | astronomy, astronaut, astral |
| atmos | steam, vapor | atmosphere |
| auto, autos, AUTO | self | autoimmune, autobiography |
| axioma | authority, to think worthy | AXIOM |
| ballein, BAL | throw | ball, ballistics |
| baro, baros, BAR | weight, pressure | barometer, barograph |
| barbaros | foreign, barbarian | BARBARIC, barbarous |
| barys | heavy | hyperbaric |
| bat, BAT | go | acrobat |
| batho, BATHO | depth | bathysphere |
| biblos, BIBLIO, BIBL | book | bibliography, bible |
| bios, BIO | life | biography, bionics, biopsy |
| blasphemein | speak evil of | BLASPHEMY |
| caco | bad, poor, evil | CACOPHONY |
| CAUT, CAUST | burn | cauterize, CAUSTIC |
| center | center | center |
| cephal | head | encephalitis |
| chiro, CHIR | hand | chiropractor, criropter |
| chroma | color | monochromatic |
| chronos, CHRON | time | chronicle, CHRONOLOGY, SYNCHRONIZE |
| CLIN | lean | incline, thermocline |
| cosmos, COSM | order, world | cosmology, cosmic |
| CRAT, CRAS | type of government | bureaucrat, theocracy, democracy |
| CRIT | judge | criticize |
| crypto, CRYPT | hide, conceal | ENCRYPTION, CRYPTOGRAM |
| cyclos, CYCLE | circle, wheel | bicycle, cyclorama |
| Cynicus | a Greek philosopher | CYNIC, cynicism |
| deleisthai, deleterios | destroyer, harmful | DELETERIOUS |
| demos, DEM, DEMO | the people | ENDEMIC, demographic, democrat |
| dendron | tree | dendroid |
| derma, DERM | skin | dermatology, hypodermic, endodermic |
| diatribe | a wearing away | DIATRIBE |
| didakikos | apt at speaking | DIDACTICS |
| didonai, dosis | give | dose, dosage |
| doxo, DOX | belief, opinion | ORTHODOX, HETERODOXY, doxology |
| dran, DRA | to do, act | DRAMATIZE |
| DROM | running course | aerodrome |
| dynamis, DYN | force, power | dynamic, dynamo, dyne |
| eidyllion | form, figure, image | idyll, IDYLLIC |
| eirene | peace | IRENIC |
| eiron | dissemble in speech | irony, IRONIC, ironical |
| eklegein | to select, pick out | ECLECTIC |
| elektron, ELECTRO | amber (electric) | electron |
| ekleipsis | a defect, fall short | ellipsis, elliptical, ELLIPSE |
| enkomion | hymn to a victor | ENCOMIUM |
| ENTOM | insect | entomology |
| EP, | word | epigraph |
| ephemeros | for the day, shortlived | EPHEMERAL, ephemeris, ephemeron |
| episteme | knowledge | EPISTEMOLOGY |
| ergon, ERG | work, deed | ergonomic |
| esoteikos | inner | ESOTERIC |
| esthesia | feel sensation | anesthesia, AESTHETICS |
| ETHER | upper air | ETHEREAL |
| ethnos, ETHN | nation, people | ethnic |
| ethos, ETH | character, moral | ethos, ethical |
| ETYM | root | etymology |
| exo | outside | exocarp |
| galakt | milk | galactic |
| gamos, GAM | marriage | polygamy, monogamy |
| gastro- | belly, stomach | gastric, gastritis |
| geno, GEN | kind, type, race | gender, Genesis |
| ge, GEO | earth | geography, geodesic, geometry, apogee, |
| glossal, GLOT | language | polyglot, glossary, monoglot |
| GLYPH | carving | HIEROGLYPHICS, petroglyph |
| GNO, GNOS, | know | diagnosis, ignore, incognito, cognitive |
| GON | angle | polygon, pentagon |
| gonos | to produce | cosmogony, theogony |
| gramma, gram | written, drawn | telegram, lithography |
| graphein, GRAM | write, record | telegram |
| graphein, GRAPH | write, record | graphic |
| GYN | woman | gynecology, MISOGYNY |
| hedonikos | pleasure | hedonic, HEDONISTIC, hedonism |
| hedra, hedron | side, base | hexahedral, polyhedron |
| hemi | half | hemisphere |
| hemo, hema, HEM | blood | hemoglobin, hemorrhage, hemotoma |
| homos, HOMO | one and the same | homonym, homogeneous, homosexual |
| helios, HELIO | sun | heliocentric, heliotropic, aphelion |
| helix, HELIC | spiral | helix, helicoid |
| hemisus, hemi- | half | hemisphere |
| hiero | sacred, holy | HIEROGLYPHIC |
| hippos, HIPP | horse | hippodrome |
| histanai, STA, STE | stand | STATIC |
| hybris | exaggerated pride | HUBRIS |
| hydor, HYDR | water | hydrotherapy, hydrology, hydroponics |
| hypno | sleep | hypnosis, hypnotoxin |
| hypocrita | stage actor | HYPOCRITE, HYPOCRISY |
| ICON | image | icon |
| ICTHY | fish | ichthyology |
| ideo | idea | ideogram |
| iris, IRID | rainbow, iris | IRIDESCENT |
| isos, ISO | equal, alike | isometric, isotope |
| k(c)ine, KINE, CINE | movement | kinesthetic, cinema |
| k(c)ardia), CARD | heart | cardiac |
| k(c)lastes | breaker, broken | ICONOCLAST |
| K(C)LINO, CLI | to bend, slant | inclination, declination, decline, recline |
| k(c)oma | deep sleep | comatose |
| k(c)ranion, | skull | cranial |
| k(c) risis, CRIT | to sift, separate | crisis, criterion, critic, critical |
| K(C)RYPTO | hidden | crypt, CRYPTIC, cryptography |
| lakon | a Lanconian, Spartan | LACONIC |
| laos | the people | laity, laic, liturgy |
| latreia | service, worship | idolatry |
| legein | to choose, pick | LOGIC |
| lemma | proposition | DILEMMA |
| lithos, LITH | stone | megalith |
| logos, -LOG | word, reason, study | monologue, logic |
| lysis | loosen | analysis, electrolysis |
| macros, macro | enlarged | macrocosm |
| malagma | an emollient | AMALGAM |
| mania | madness | pyromania, kleptomania |
| mega | large, powerful | megalith |
| megalo | great, enlarged | megalomania |
| metron, METER | measure | metric, geometrical, thermometer |
| micros, micro | small | microcosm |
| mimos, MIM | imitate | mime, MIMIC |
| misein, MIS, MISO | hate | MISANTHROPE, misogynist |
| mnem- | memory, mnemonic | |
| monos | one, alone | monocle, monosyllable |
| MORPH | form, shape | amorphous, metamorphosis |
| mucus, muco | slime | mucous |
| mytho | myth | mythological |
| naus, nautes, -NAU | ship, sailor | nautical, astronaut |
| necro | death, corpse | necropolis |
| neos, NEO | new, young | NEOPHYTE, neologism |
| neuron, neuro | nerve | neurology, neuritis |
| nom | rule | ANOMALY, ANOMALOUS |
| nomos | law, science | astronomer |
| nostos | a return | NOSTALGIA |
| oasis | fertile spot | OASIS |
| od | path | exodus |
| odont- | tooth | odontoid, odontology |
| oikos | house | ecology |
| oikonomia | household management | economy, ECONOMICAL |
| oligio | few, scant, small | oligarchy |
| onoma, ONYM | name | acronym, homonym, ANONYMOUS |
| opsis, optic | sight, view, eye | optician, optical, SYNOPSIS, SYNOPTIC |
| ophthalmo | eye | ophthalmologist |
| ornis, ORNITH | bird | ornithology |
| oro | mountain | orology |
| orthos | right, correct | orthogenesis |
| OSTEO | bone | osteopath |
| pais, paidos | child | pediatric |
| paleo | ancient, early | Paleolithic |
| panegyris | public meeting | PANEGYRIC |
| pas, PAN, PANT | all, entire, every | panoply, PANDEMONIUM, pantheon |
| pater, PATR | father | patrician, patron, paternal, patriarch |
| PATH | disease | PATHOLOGY, PATHOGEN |
| pathos, PATHO | feeling, suffering | EMPATHY, ANTIPATHY, SYMPATHY |
| ped, PED | child, instruction | pediatric, encyclopedia, PEDAGOGUE |
| pelagos | sea | pelagic |
| periphos | moving around | periphery, PERIPHERAL |
| petros, PETR | rock, stone | petrified |
| phago, PHAG | eat, eating | phagocyte, esophagus |
| PHAN | show, make appear | phantom, fantasy, emphasis |
| philanthropia | love of mankind | PHILANTHROPY |
| philos, PHIL | love, tendency | philharmonic, philately, philosophy, bibliophile |
| phobos, PHOB | fear, flight | zoophobia |
| phone, PHON | voice, sound | phonograph, telephone, EUPHONY, CACOPHONY |
| phos, PHOT | light | photograph |
| phylo, PHYLL | leaf | chlorophyll |
| physica, PHYS | nature | physical, physician, physics, METAPHYSICS |
| plasm, plast | shape, substance | plasma, plastic |
| plethore | to be full | PLETHORA |
| PLUT | wealth | plutocrat |
| pneuma, PNEUM | wind, spirit | pneumatic |
| pneumon | lung | pneumonia |
| POD | foot | podiatrist |
| polemikos, polemos | a war | POLEMIC |
| polit, polis | city | cosmopolitan, metropolitan |
| polys | many | polynomial |
| prattein, PRAG | do | PRAGMATIC, pragmatism |
| poblema | to throw forward | problem, PROBLEMATIC |
| protos, PROTO | first | prototype, proton, protozoa |
| pseudes, PSEUDO | false | pseudoscience, pseudointellectual |
| psyche, PSYCH | mind, soul | parapsychology, psychosis |
| ptero | feather, wing | pterosaur |
| pyro, pur, PYR | fire | pyrotechnics, pyromaniac |
| RHEA, RHAG | flow, gush, break | diarrhea, hemorrhage |
| rhis, RHIN- | nose | rhinology, rhinoscope |
| rhiza | root | rhizoid, rhizome |
| schisma, SCHIS, SCHIZ | cleave, split | schism, schist, schizophrenic |
| scopos | to watch, see | telescope |
| seismo | earthquake | seismic |
| SEPT | poison, from rot | septic |
| SKEP, SCOP | examine, look at | SKEPTICAL, scope |
| SOMA | body | SOMATIC |
| sophos, SOPH | wise | sophisticated, sophomoric, sophist |
| sperma, SPERM | seed | sperm |
| sphero | sphere, ball | atmosphere, spheroid |
| STAT | stand | status, ELECTROSTATIC |
| stizein, STIG | mark, tattoo | STIGMA |
| stoa | porch | Stoicism, STOIC, stoical |
| STROPH | turn | catastrophe |
| TACT, TAX | arrangement | tactics, syntax |
| TAPH | tomb | EPITAPH |
| techne, TECH | art, craft, skill | technical, tectonic, technocrat, technician |
| TELE | far away | telemetry, telescope |
| temno, tomos | cut, cut off | appendectomy, lobotomy |
| tetra | four | tetrarch |
| thanatos | death | thanatopis, thanatology, EUTHANASIA |
| theos, THEO | god | THEOLOGY, atheist, theocracy |
| THERAP | cure | therapeutic |
| thermos, THERM | heat, warm, hot | thermometer, thermodynamics, thermograph |
| thesis | position | SYNTHESIS, thesis |
| thorax | body | thorax |
| temnein, TOM | cut | appendectomy, tome, epitome, DICHOTOMY |
| tonos, TON | tone | monotone, TONIC |
| topo, TOP | place | topography, topic |
| TOX | poison | toxic |
| tracheia, tracheo- | windpipe | tracheotomy |
| TROP | respond to | trophy |
| TROPH | nourish | ATROPHY |
| typos | type, model | typify, typical, typical, atypical |
| xenos, xeno | stranger | xenophobia, xenophilia, xenial |
| zelos | ardor, zeal | ZEALOUS, zealot |
| zoo, ZO | animal | zoo, zoology |
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